Waya netambo zvigadzirwa zvewaya zvinoshandiswa kufambisa magetsi (magnetic) simba, ruzivo uye kuona magetsi emagetsi shanduko.Iyo generalized waya uye tambo inonziwo tambo, uye yakamanikana-pfungwa tambo inoreva insulated tambo, iyo inogona kutsanangurwa se: aggregate inoumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera;imwe kana anopfuura insulated cores, uye iwo akasiyana anovharika anovharika, iyo yakazara inodzivirira layer uye yekunze sheath, tambo inogona zvakare kuve nekuwedzera uninsulated conductors.
Bare wire body products:
Zvinonyanya kukosha zvemhando iyi yezvigadzirwa ndezvi: yakachena conductor simbi, isina insulation uye sheath layers, sesimbi-cored aluminium stranded waya, mhangura-aluminium busbars, magetsi locomotive waya, nezvimwewo;tekinoroji yekugadzira inonyanya kudzvanywa, senge kunyungudika, calendering, kudhirowa Zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa mudhorobha, kumaruwa, mitsetse mikuru yemushandisi, chinja makabati, nezvimwe.
Zvinonyanya kukosha zverudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa ndezvekuti: extruding (kupeta) insulating layer iri kunze kwe conductor, senge pamusoro pepamusoro insulated tambo, kana akati wandei macores akamonyoroka (anoenderana nechikamu, kwaakarerekera uye pasi waya dzesimba remagetsi), senge tambo dzakavharirwa pamusoro pepamusoro dzine macores anopfuura maviri, kana kuwedzera bhachi layer, sepurasitiki/rabha sheathed waya netambo.Iwo main process matekinoroji ari kudhirowa, stranding, insulation extrusion (kuputira), cabling, armoring uye sheath extrusion, etc. Pane mimwe misiyano mukusanganiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana ezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana.
Zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukufambiswa kwesimba rakasimba remagetsi mukugadzira magetsi, kugovera, kutapurirana, kushandura uye mitsara yemagetsi, ine mafungu makuru (makumi emaamps kusvika kuzviuru zveamps) uye yakakwirira voltages (220V kusvika 35kV uye pamusoro).
Flat cable:
Zvinonyanya kukosha zverudzi urwu rwezvigadzirwa ndezvi: zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando uye zvakatemwa, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, kushandiswa kwemagetsi e1kV uye pasi, uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinogara zvichitorwa mukutarisana nezviitiko zvakakosha, zvakadai semoto- tambo dzisingapindire, tambo dzinodzivirira moto, halogen-isina hutsi shoma / shoma Utsi uye tambo dzakaderera dzehalogen, tambo dzinodzivirira mujuru, tambo dzinodzivirira mbeva, tambo dzinodzivirira mafuta / dzisingatonhore / dzisingadzivirirwe / dzisingapfeki tambo, zvekurapa/ tambo dzekurima/dzemugodhi, waya dzakatetepa nemadziro, nezvimwe.
Matambo ekukurukurirana uye optical fibers:
Nokukurumidza kufambira mberi kweindasitiri yekukurukurirana, kubva patambo dzerunhare nedzeteregiramu munguva yakapfuura kusvika kuzviuru zvemapeya etambo dzezwi, coaxial cables, optical cables, data cables, uye kunyange tambo dzekurukurirano dzakabatanidzwa.Ukuru hwemagadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa zvakadaro kazhinji hudiki uye hwakafanana, uye kurongeka kwekugadzira kwakakwira.
waya inomonereka
Winding wire is conductive metal wire ine insulating layer, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira makoiri kana mahwindi ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.Kana ichishanda, simba remagineti rinogadzirwa neazvino, kana kuti induced ikozvino inogadzirwa nekucheka magineti mutsara wesimba kuti uone kutendeuka kwesimba remagetsi uye magineti simba, saka inova yemagetsi waya.
Ruzhinji rwezvigadzirwa zvewaya netambo zvigadzirwa zvine muchinjiko-chikamu (muchinjika-chikamu) chimiro (kusafuratira kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekugadzira) uye mitsetse yakareba, iyo inokonzerwa nemaitiro anoshandiswa kugadzira mitsetse kana makoiri mumasisitimu kana michina.akasarudza.Naizvozvo, kudzidza uye kuongorora maumbirwo ezvigadzirwa zvetambo, zvinongodiwa chete kutarisa uye kuongorora kubva muchikamu-chikamu.
Izvo zvimiro zvewaya uye zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvina zvakakosha zvimiro zvikamu: conductor, insulating layer, nhovo uye sheathing, pamwe nekuzadza zvinhu uye tensile zvinhu.Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa uye mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvimiro zvakapusa.
2. Cable zvinhu
Mune imwe nzira, iyo waya uye tambo yekugadzira indasitiri iindasitiri yekupedzisa zvinhu uye kusangana.Chekutanga, huwandu hwezvinhu hwakakura, uye mutengo wezvinhu muzvigadzirwa zvetambo unoverengera 80-90% yemutengo wakazara wekugadzira;chechipiri, kune marudzi akawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvakanyanya kukwirira.Semuenzaniso, mhangura yevanotungamira inoda kuchena kwemhangura kuve Kupfuura 99.95%, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoda kushandisa oksijeni-isina high-kuchena mhangura;chechitatu, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kuchave nemhedzisiro yemaitiro ekugadzira, kuita kwechigadzirwa uye hupenyu hwebasa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhenefiti emabhizinesi ekugadzira waya uye tambo ane hukama zvakanyanya nekuti zvinhu zvinogona kuchengetedzwa nesainzi mukusarudza zvinhu, kugadzirisa uye kugadzira manejimendi.
Saka, kana uchigadzira tambo uye tambo zvigadzirwa, zvinofanirwa kuitwa panguva imwechete sekusarudzwa kwezvinhu.Kazhinji, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinosarudzwa uye zvinotemerwa mushure mekuita uye maitiro ekuongorora bvunzo.
Zvishandiso zvezvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita conductive zvinhu, insulating zvinhu, kuzadza zvinhu, nhovo zvinhu, sheath zvinhu, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nekushandisa kwavo zvikamu uye mabasa.Asi zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvakajairika kune akati wandei maumbirwo zvikamu.Kunyanya, zvinhu zve thermoplastic, senge polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kushandiswa mukudzivirira kana sheathing chero bedzi zvimwe zvekugadzira zvikamu zvashandurwa.
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikamu, uye kune akawanda marudzi uye maratidziro (brands).
3. Zita uye zvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa
(1) Waya: iyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakakosha chikamu chikuru chechigadzirwa kuita basa reazvino kana electromagnetic wave ruzivo rwekufambisa.
Main material: Wire ndiyo chidimbu che conductive wire core.Yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina-ferrous ine yakanakisa magetsi conductivity semhangura, aluminium, mhangura-yakapfeka simbi, mhangura-yakapfeka aluminium, nezvimwewo, uye optical fiber inoshandiswa sewaya.
Kune waya yemhangura isina chinhu, waya yetinhi;waya imwe chete yebazi, waya yakasungwa;waya yakanamirwa mushure mekumonyorora.
(2) Insulation layer: Icho chikamu chinomonerera kumativi ewaya uye chinotamba basa remagetsi ekudzivirira.Kureva kuti, inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti iyo inofambiswa ikozvino kana yemagetsi wave uye mwenje wave unongofamba uchitevedza waya uye usayerera uchienda kunze, uye zvinogoneka pane conductor (ndiko kuti, mutsauko unogona kuumbwa pazvinhu zvakatenderedza; kureva, iyo voltage) inogona kuparadzaniswa, ndiko kuti, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwewaya.basa, asiwo kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvekunze uye vanhu.Conductor uye insulating layer ndizvo zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha izvo zvinofanirwa kuve nazvo kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvetambo (kunze kwewaya dzisina chinhu).
Main zvinhu: PVC, PE, XLPE, polypropylene PP, fluoroplastic F, rabha, bepa, mica tepi
(3) Kuzadza chimiro: Mazhinji waya uye tambo zvigadzirwa zvine akawanda-musimboti.Mushure meiyi insulated cores kana mapeya aiswa tambo (kana akaiswa mumatambo kakawanda), imwe ndeyekuti chimiro hachina kutenderera, uye chimwe ndechekuti pane mapeji pakati pemainsulated cores.Pane gaka rakakura, saka chimiro chekuzadza chinofanira kuwedzerwa panguva ye cabling.Chimiro chekuzadza ndechekuita iyo dhayamita yekunze yekabati yakatenderedza, kuitira kufambisa kuputira uye extruding sheath.
Chinhu chikuru: PP tambo
(4) Kudzivirira: Icho chikamu chinoparadzanisa iyo electromagnetic munda mune tambo chigadzirwa kubva kunze kwemagetsi emagetsi munda;zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvetambo zvinodawo kuparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe pakati peakasiyana waya peya (kana waya mapoka) mukati.Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti shielding layer imhando ye "electromagnetic isolation screen".Conductor shielding uye insulating shielding ye-high-voltage cables ndeye homogenize kugoverwa kwemunda wemagetsi.
Zvishandiso zvikuru: waya yemhangura isina chinhu, waya yemhangura yakashongedzwa nesimbi, waya yemhangura yakadhindwa
(5) Sheath: Kana waya netambo zvigadzirwa zvakaiswa uye zvichishandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvinofanirwa kunge zvine zvikamu zvinodzivirira chigadzirwa chose, kunyanya iyo insulating layer, inova sheath.
Nekuti insulating zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakanakisa zvemagetsi insulating zvivakwa, zvinofanirwa kuve zvakanyanya kuchena kuchena uye kushoma kusvibiswa kwemukati;kazhinji havagoni kurangarira kukwanisa kwavo kudzivirira nyika yokunze.) Kutakura kana kuramba kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi, kuramba kune mhepo yemhepo, kuramba makemikari kana mafuta, kudzivirira kukuvara kwebiological, uye kuderedzwa kwenjodzi dzemoto kunofanirwa kuitwa neakasiyana sheath zvimiro.
Main zvinhu: PVC, PE, rabha, aruminiyamu, simbi bhandi
(6) Tensile element: iyo yakajairwa chimiro isimbi yepakati aluminium stranded waya, optical fiber tambo uye zvichingodaro.Mune izwi, iyo tensile element inoita basa rakakura mune yakagadziriswa yakakosha zvigadzirwa zvidiki uye zvakapfava zvinoda kuwanda kupeta nekumonyoroka.
Mamiriro ebudiriro:
Kunyangwe iyo indasitiri yewaya netambo ingori indasitiri inotsigira, inotora 1/4 yehuwandu hwekubuda kweindasitiri yemagetsi yeChina.Iine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, zvinosanganisira simba, kuvaka, kutaurirana, kugadzira uye mamwe maindasitiri, uye yakabatana zvikuru nezvikamu zvose zvehupfumi hwenyika.Waya netambo dzinozivikanwawo se "arteries" uye "nerves" dzehupfumi hwenyika.Iwo akakosha emidziyo yekufambisa simba remagetsi, kufambisa ruzivo, uye kugadzira akasiyana mota, zviridzwa, uye metres kuona electromagnetic simba rekushandura.zvakakosha zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa munharaunda.
Indasitiri yewaya netambo ndiyo yechipiri yakakura indasitiri muChina mushure meindasitiri yemotokari, uye huwandu hwemhando yekugutsikana kwechigadzirwa uye musika wepamba unogovanisa 90%.Pasi rose, huwandu hweChina hwekubuda kwewaya netambo hwapfuura hweUnited States, huchive mugadziri mukuru pasi rose wewaya netambo.Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweChina waya netambo indasitiri, huwandu hwemakambani matsva huri kuramba huchikwira, uye huwandu hwese hwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri hwakavandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Kubva muna Ndira kusvika muna Mbudzi 2007, huwandu hwese hwemaindasitiri hwekubuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuChina hwewaya netambo yekugadzira indasitiri hwakasvika 476,742,526 zviuru zveyuan, kuwedzera kwe34,64% panguva imwe chete yegore rapfuura;mari yakaunganidzwa yekutengeswa kwechigadzirwa yaive 457,503,436 zviuru zveyuan, kuwedzera kwe33.70% panguva imwe chete yegore rapfuura;Mari yese yaive 18,808,301 zviuru zveyuan, kuwedzera kwe32.31% panguva imwechete yegore rapfuura.
Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Chivabvu 2008, huwandu hwese hwemaindasitiri hwekubuda kweindasitiri yewaya netambo yekugadzira indasitiri yaive 241,435,450,000 yuan, kuwedzera kwe26.47% panguva imwe chete yegore rapfuura;mari yekutengeswa kwechigadzirwa yakaunganidzwa yaive 227,131,384,000 yuan, kuwedzera kwe26.26% panguva imwe chete yegore rapfuura;iyo yakazara purofiti yakaunganidzwa yakaonekwa 8,519,637,000 yuan, kuwedzera kwe26.55% panguva imwe chete yegore rapfuura.Muna Mbudzi 2008, mukupindura dambudziko rezvemari repasi rose, hurumende yeChina yakafunga kuisa 4 trillion yuan kuti iwedzere kudiwa kwemba, iyo inodarika 40% yakashandiswa pakuvaka nekugadzirisa magetsi emumaguta nemaruwa.Indasitiri yenyika waya netambo ine mumwe mukana wakanaka wemusika, uye makambani ewaya netambo munzvimbo dzakasiyana anotora mukana wekugamuchira kutenderera kutsva kwekuvakwa kwemagetsi emumaguta nekumaruwa neshanduko.
2012 yapfuura yaive chikumbaridzo cheChina waya uye tambo indasitiri.Nekuda kwekuderera kwekukura kweGDP, dambudziko rezvemari repasi rose, uye kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi epamba, makambani ematambo epamba aiwanzo shandiswa zvisina basa uye kuwandisa.Indasitiri inonetsekana nefungu rekuvharwa.Nekusvika kwa2013, indasitiri yewaya netambo yeChina ichaunza mikana mitsva yebhizinesi nemisika.
Kubva muna 2012, musika wepasi rose waya netambo wakapfuura zana remabhiriyoni emaeuro.Muindasitiri yewaya netambo yepasirese, musika weAsia unotora 37%, musika weEurope uri pedyo ne30%, musika weAmerica unotora 24%, uye mimwe misika inoita 9%.Pakati pavo, kunyangwe indasitiri yewaya netambo yeChina inoita basa risingadzokerike muindasitiri yewaya netambo, uye kutanga kwa2011, kukosha kwekubuda kweChinese waya nemakambani etambo kwakapfuura iyo yeUnited States, iri pekutanga pasirese.Asi kubva pachinangwa chemaonero, kana tichienzanisa neindasitiri yewaya netambo muEurope neUnited States, nyika yangu ichiri mumamiriro makuru asi asina kusimba, uye pachine gaka rakakura rine tambo dzinozivikanwa dzekune dzimwe nyika netambo dzetambo. .
Muna 2011, kukosha kwekutengesa kwewaya netambo yeindasitiri yeChina kwakasvika 1,143.8 bhiriyoni yuan, kudarika bhiriyoni imwe kekutanga, kuwedzera kwe28.3%, uye purofiti yakazara ye68 bhiriyoni.Muna 2012, mutengo wekutengesa wewaya yenyika uye indasitiri yetambo kubva muna Ndira kusvika Chikunguru yaive 671.5 bhiriyoni yuan, purofiti yese yaive 28.1 bhiriyoni yuan, uye avhareji purofiti yaingova 4.11%..
Pamusoro pezvo, kubva pakuona kwechiyero cheasset cheindasitiri yetambo yeChina, midziyo yeindasitiri yewaya netambo yakasvika 790.499 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2012, kuwedzera kwe12.20% gore negore.East China inodarika 60% yenyika, uye ichiri kuchengetedza kukwikwidza kwakasimba muindasitiri yese yekugadzira waya netambo.[1]
Kuenderera mberi uye nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi hweChina kwakapa nzvimbo yakakura yemusika yezvigadzirwa zvetambo.Muedzo wakasimba wemusika weChinese waita kuti nyika itarise pamusika weChina.Mumakumi mapfupi emakumi emakore ekugadzirisa nekuvhurwa, indasitiri yekugadzira tambo yeChina ine Hukuru hwekugadzira hwakaumbwa hwakafadza pasirese.Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kweindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi ekuChina, indasitiri yekutaurirana data, indasitiri yezvitima zvemudhorobha, indasitiri yemotokari, kuvaka ngarava nemamwe maindasitiri, kudiwa kwewaya netambo kuchawedzerawo nekukurumidza, uye indasitiri yewaya netambo ine mukana wakakura wekusimudzira ramangwana.China Wire uye Cable Indasitiri Market Demand Forecast uye Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report.
Mukuita kwekusimudzira bhizimusi repasi rose remakambani ewaya netambo uye nekuita manejimendi uye kutonga, zvinotevera misimboti inofanirwa kuteverwa: tichifunga nezve bhizinesi repamba nebhizinesi repasi rese, kutsvaga hukama pakati pezviwanikwa uye kurongeka kwemaindasitiri, chiyero chisingachinji uye kushanda nesimba. , uye kuenzanirana muridzi nekodzero dzekutonga, kambani yevabereki uye bhizinesi rinotsigira zvinorongedzerwa, uye chimiro chehurongwa chekugadzira chinowirirana nehurongwa hwesangano uye manejimendi system yekushanda uye manejimendi.Kutevedzera aya misimboti, waya netambo makambani anofanirwa kubata nehukama hunotevera:
1. Bata nemazvo hukama pakati pebhizinesi repamba nebhizinesi repasi rese
Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti mashandiro epasirese ewaya uye tambo mabhizinesi chinhu chinodiwa uye chinangwa mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwebhizinesi rekugadzira, kwete yekuzviisa pasi uye yekunyepedzera chinangwa.Haasi ese makambani ewaya netambo anofanirwa kuita mabasa epasi rose.Nekuda kwezvikero zvakasiyana uye hunhu hwebhizinesi hwemakambani, kune akati wandei waya uye makambani etambo akakodzera chete kuita bhizinesi mumusika wepamba.Waya uye makambani etambo ane transnational anoshanda mamiriro achiri kuda kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pebhizinesi repamba nebhizinesi repasi rese.Musika wepamba ndiyo musasa wekutanga wekupona uye kusimudzira mabhizinesi.Waya uye mabhizinesi etambo anogona kutora mukana wemamiriro ekunze akanaka, geography, uye vanhu kuita bhizinesi muChina.Nekudaro, kusimudzira kweChinese waya uye mabhizinesi etambo kunofanirwa kutora dzimwe njodzi mune izvi zvinhu.Tichitarisa pane yenguva refu, wedzera dunhu chiyero chekushanda kubva pakuona kwekugovewa kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvekugadzira kuvandudza kugovaniswa kwemusika uye kukwikwidza.
2. Zvinonzwisisika funga nezvehukama pakati pekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa
Naizvozvo, waya uye makambani etambo haafanire kungogadzira zviwanikwa mhiri kwemakungwa, asi zvakare anotora zvinhu mhiri kwemakungwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kudzikisa mitengo yezvigadzirwa uye imwe mari yekufambisa.Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhizinesi ewaya netambo mabhizinesi ekugadzira, uye anofanirwa kufunga zvine musoro kukanganiswa kwezviwanikwa uye kushomeka kwesimba pakurongeka kwemaindasitiri, uye kuendesa zvinongedzo zvekugadzira zviwanikwa munyika dzemhiri kwemakungwa nematunhu ane zviwanikwa zvakapfuma uye mutengo wakaderera.
3. Bata nemazvo hukama huri pakati pekuwedzera kwechiyero nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi
Kwemakore, chiyero chekushanda kwenyika dzeChinese waya nemabhizinesi etambo chave chichinetsekana, uye maonero everuzhinji anowanzo tenda kuti nekuda kwehudiki hwavo, mabhizinesi mazhinji haana kuburitsa mabhenefiti anotarisirwa ehupfumi.Naizvozvo, kwenguva yakati, kushanda kwenyika dzakawanda kwemamwe makambani ekuChina waya netambo dzetambo dzakaenda kune imwe yakanyanyisa, kutsvaga kwedivi rimwe rekuwedzera chiyero, kufuratira mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye nekudaro zvinopesana nechinangwa chekutanga chekushanda kwenyika dzakawanda.Naizvozvo, makambani ewaya netambo anofanirwa kubata nemazvo hukama pakati pechiyero uye kugona muhurongwa hwekuronga uye kuita mabasa epasi rose, uye kuwedzera chiyero chavo kuti vawane mabhenefiti epamusoro.
4. Bata nemazvo hukama pakati pemuridzi nekutonga
Makambani ewaya netambo akawana chikamu kana kuti ese evaridzi vemakambani ekunze kuburikidza nekudyara kwekunze.Chinangwa ndechekuwana hutongi pamusoro pemakambani ekunze kuburikidza nevaridzi, kuitira kushandira iyo kambani yevabereki gwara rekusimudzira uye kuwana mabhenefiti ehupfumi.Mukupesana, kana waya uye tambo bhizinesi ikawana chikamu kana ese chemuridzi webhizinesi rekunze, asi ikatadza kutonga bhizinesi uye rikasaita kuti muridzi wacho ashandise zano rese rehofisi, ipapo mashandiro epasi rose anorasikirwa. zvarinoreva chaizvo.Harisi basa renyika dzakawanda zvechokwadi.Naizvozvo, waya netambo kambani inotora musika wepasirese sechinangwa chayo chehunyanzvi inofanirwa kuwana kodzero dzekutonga dzinoenderana zvisinei nekuti inowana huwandu hwakadii mukushanda kwenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-23-2022