ʻO ka uea a me ka uwea nā huahana uea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻouna i ka ikehu uila (magnetic), ʻike a ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu electromagnetic.ʻO ka uea laulā a me ke kaula i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ke kaula, a ʻo ka narrow-sense cable e pili ana i ke kaula insulated, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia: he hui i haku ʻia o nā ʻāpana aʻe;hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā cores insulated, a me ko lākou mau uhi ponoʻī, ka huina pale a me ka puʻu o waho, hiki i ke kaula ke loaʻa i nā conductors uninsulated ʻē aʻe.
Nā huahana kino uea ʻole:
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻano huahana ʻo: metala conductor maʻemaʻe, me ka ʻole o ka insulation a me ka sheath layers, e like me ke kila-cored aluminum stranded wires, copper-aluminum busbars, electric locomotive wires, etc.;ʻO kaʻenehana hana ka mea nui i ka hana kaomi, e like me ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana, ka calendering, ke kaha kiʻi Hoʻohana nuiʻia nā huahana ma nā kaona, nā wahi kua'āina, nā laina nui o ka mea hoʻohana, nā keʻena hoʻololi, etc.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻano huahana: extruding (winding) i kahi papa insulating ma waho o ka conductor, e like me nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna, a i ʻole kekahi mau cores i wili ʻia (e pili ana i ka pae, neutral a me nā uea honua o ka ʻōnaehana mana), e like me nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ke poʻo me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua cores, a i ʻole e hoʻohui i kahi papa lole, e like me ka uea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka plastic/rubber sheathed a me ke kaula.ʻO nā ʻenehana kaʻina hana nui ke kaha kiʻi, stranding, insulation extrusion (wrapping), cabling, armoring a sheath extrusion, etc. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka hui ʻana o nā kaʻina like ʻole o nā huahana like ʻole.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ikehu uila ikaika i ka hana mana, ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana a me nā laina lako mana, me nā kahawai nui (ʻumi o nā amps i nā tausani o nā amps) a me nā voltages kiʻekiʻe (220V a 35kV a ma luna).
Uea palahalaha:
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia ʻano huahana: kahi ākea o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī, kahi ākea o nā noi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā voltages o 1kV a ma lalo, a me nā huahana hou i loaʻa mau i ke alo o nā hanana kūikawā, e like me ke ahi- uwea pale, uwea pale ahi, uwahi ha'aha'a / ha'aha'a Uhi a ha'aha'a halogen uwea, termite-proof, uwea pale iole, aila-pale/anu/mahana-kue/'aahu-pale uwea, lapa'au/ nā uwea mahiʻai/mining, nā uwea pā lahilahi, etc.
Nā kaula kelepona a me nā fiber optical:
Me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio, mai ke kelepona maʻalahi a me nā kelepona maʻalahi i ka wā i hala a hiki i nā kaukani pālua o nā uwea leo, nā uwea coaxial, nā uwea optical, nā kelepona ʻikepili, a me nā uwea kamaʻilio hui pū ʻia.ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ia mau huahana he liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻahu hoʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana.
uwea wiliwili
ʻO ka uea makani he uea metala conductive me kahi papa insulating, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā wili a i ʻole nā wili o nā huahana uila.I ka wā e hana ai, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi māla magnetic e ka au, a i ʻole ke au i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻoki ʻana i ka laina magnetic o ka ikaika e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu uila a me ka ikehu magnetic, no laila lilo ia i uea electromagnetic.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huahana uea a me nā uea he mau huahana me ke ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāpana (cross-section) (ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā hewa i hana ʻia e ka hana ʻana) a me nā ʻāpana lōʻihi, ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā laina a i ʻole nā coils i nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā mea hana.hooholoia.No laila, no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā huahana uea, pono wale nō e nānā a hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai kāna ʻāpana ʻāpana.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻolālā o ka uea a me nā huahana cable i ʻehā mau ʻāpana kumu nui: conductors, insulating layers, shielding and sheathing, a me nā mea hoʻopiha piha a me nā mea tensile.Wahi a nā koi hoʻohana a me nā noi o nā huahana, loaʻa i kekahi mau huahana nā hana maʻalahi loa.
2. Mea uwea
Ma kahi ʻano, ʻo ka ʻoihana hana uea a me ke kaula he ʻoihana o ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hui ʻana.ʻO ka mea mua, nui ka nui o nā mea, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o nā huahana uea he 80-90% o ka huina o ka hana hana;ʻO ka lua, he nui nā ʻano a me nā ʻano mea i hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi hana.Eia kekahi laʻana, pono ke keleawe no nā conductors i ka maʻemaʻe o ke keleawe ma mua o 99.95%, pono kekahi mau huahana e hoʻohana i ka keleawe kiʻekiʻe maʻemaʻe oxygen-free;ʻO ke kolu,ʻo ka kohoʻana o nā mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena hoʻoholo i ka hana hana, ka hana huahana a me ke ola lawelawe.
I ka manawa like, pili pū nā pono o nā ʻoihana hana uea a me nā kelepona inā hiki ke mālama ʻia nā mea waiwai i ka ʻepekema i ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai, ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka hoʻokele hana.
No laila, i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona, pono e hoʻokō ʻia i ka manawa like me ke koho ʻana o nā mea.ʻO ka maʻamau, koho ʻia a hoʻoholo ʻia kekahi mau mea ma hope o ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea no nā huahana cable i nā mea conductive, insulating material, filling materials, shielding materials, sheath materials, etc. e like me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā hana.Akā maʻamau kekahi o kēia mau mea i nā ʻāpana kūkulu.ʻO ka mea kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea thermoplastic, e like me ka polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc., i ka insulation a i ʻole sheathing inā lōʻihi ke hoʻololi ʻia kekahi o nā mea hana.
ʻO nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā huahana kelepona e pili ana i nāʻano likeʻole, a he nui nāʻano a me nā kiko'ī (brands).
3. Ka inoa a me nā mea o ka hoʻolālā huahana
(1) Uea: ʻo ka mea nui loa a koʻikoʻi o ka huahana e hoʻokō i ka hana o kēia manawa a i ʻole electromagnetic hawewe ʻike.
Mea nui: ʻO Wire ka pōkole o ke kumu uea conductive.Hana ʻia ia me nā metala non-ferrous me ka conductivity uila maikaʻi loa e like me ke keleawe, aluminika, keleawe-ʻaʻahu kila, keleawe-ʻaʻahu alumini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia ka fiber optical e like me ke uea.
He uwea keleawe wale no, uwea tinned;uea lālā hoʻokahi, uea stranded;uwea tinned after wili.
(2) Papa hoʻopulapula: He ʻāpana ia e hoʻopuni ana a puni ka ʻaoʻao o ka uea a hoʻokani i kahi hana hoʻokaʻawale uila.ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia i ka hele ʻana o ka nalu i hoʻouna ʻia a i ʻole ka hawewe electromagnetic a me ka nalu māmā e hele wale ana ma ka uea a ʻaʻole e kahe i waho, a me ka mea hiki i ka conductor (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻokoʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mea a puni, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka voltage) hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili maʻamau o ke kelepona.hana, akā, e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā mea waho a me nā kānaka.ʻO ka conductor a me ka insulating layer nā ʻāpana kumu ʻelua e pono e loaʻa e hana i nā huahana uea (koe naʻe nā uea ʻole).
ʻO nā mea nui: PVC, PE, XLPE, polypropylene PP, fluoroplastic F, rubber, pepa, mica tape
(3) Ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana: Nui nā uea a me nā huahana kelepona he multi-core.Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o kēia mau cores insulated a i ʻole i hui ʻia i loko o nā uwea no nā manawa he nui), ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole i poepoe ke ʻano, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he mau āpau ma waena o nā cores insulated.Aia kahi āpau nui, no laila pono e hoʻohui ʻia kahi hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha i ka wā o ka cabling.ʻO ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana e hana i ke anawaena o waho o ka cabling me ka poepoe, i mea e maʻalahi ai ke kāwili ʻana a me ka extruding i ka sheath.
Mea nui: ke kaula PP
(4) Palekana: He mea ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kahua electromagnetic i loko o ka huahana kelepona mai ke kahua electromagnetic waho;pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau huahana uea mai kekahi i kekahi ma waena o nā uea like ʻole (a i ʻole nā hui uea) i loko.Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka pale pale he ʻano "electromagnetic isolation screen".ʻO ka pale o ka conductor a me ka pale insulating o nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe e homogenize i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kahua uila.
Nā mea nui: uea keleawe ʻole, uea kila ʻaʻahu keleawe, uea keleawe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
(5) Sheath: Ke hoʻokomo ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona ma nā wahi like ʻole, pono lākou e loaʻa nā ʻāpana e pale ai i ka huahana holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka insulating layer, ʻo ia ka sheath.
No ka mea, pono nā mea insulating e loaʻa nā waiwai insulating uila maikaʻi loa, pono lākou i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea haumia;ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou hiki ke pale i ka honua o waho.) ʻO ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻenekini like ʻole, ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kaiapuni o ka lewa, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā kemika a i ʻole nā ʻaila, ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino olaola, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pōʻino ahi e pono e hana ʻia e nā hale like ʻole.
Mea nui: PVC, PE, ʻōpala, aluminika, kāʻei kila
(6) ʻElemu Tensile: ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ka uea alumini stranded kila, ke kaula fiber optical a pēlā aku.Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mea tensile i nā huahana liʻiliʻi a palupalu kūikawā i hoʻomohala ʻia e koi ai i ka nui o ka piko a me ka wili.
Kūlana hoʻomohala:
ʻOiai he ʻoihana kākoʻo wale nō ka ʻoihana uea a me ke kaula, aia ʻo ia i ka 1/4 o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ka ʻoihana uila o Kina.Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano huahana like ʻole a me ka nui o nā noi, e pili ana i ka mana, kūkulu, kamaʻilio, hana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a pili pono i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻoihana aupuni.Ua ʻike ʻia nā uea a me nā kaula ʻo ia nā "arteries" a me "nerves" o ka hoʻokele aupuni.He mau mea pono nui ia no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ikehu uila, ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike, a me ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa like ʻole, nā mea kani, a me nā mika e ʻike ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu electromagnetic.nā huahana kumu e pono ai i ka hui.
ʻO ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona ka lua o ka ʻoihana nui loa ma Kina ma hope o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana like ʻole a me ka māhele mākeke kūloko ma mua o 90%.Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o Kina o ka uea a me ka uwea ma mua o ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a lilo i mea hana uea a uea nui loa ma ka honua.Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana uea a me ka uea o Kina, ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o nā hui hou, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka pae ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana.
Mai Ianuali a Nowemapa 2007, hiki i ka 476,742,526 tausani yuan ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka waiwai o ka uea a me ka uwea o Kina, he 34.64% ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala;ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai huahana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia he 457,503,436 tausani yuan, he piʻi o 33.70% ma luna o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala;ʻO ka huina kālā he 18,808,301 tausani yuan, he piʻi o 32.31% ma mua o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala.
Mai Ianuali a Mei 2008, ʻo 241,435,450,000 yuan ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka waiwai o ka uea a me ka hana uea o Kina, he piʻi o 26.47% ma mua o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala;ʻo ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai huahana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia he 227,131,384,000 yuan, he piʻi o 26.26% ma luna o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala;ʻo ka huina kālā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ua ʻike ʻia he 8,519,637,000 yuan, he piʻi o 26.55% ma luna o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala.I Nowemapa 2008, i ka pane ʻana i ka pilikia kālā o ka honua, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni Kina e hoʻolilo i 4 trillion yuan no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi o ka home, a ʻoi aku ka nui o 40% i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mana o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kua'āina.'O ka 'oihana uea a me ka 'oihana uwea kekahi manawa makeke maika'i, a 'o nā hui uea a me nā 'oihana ma nā wahi like 'ole e hopu i ka manawa kūpono no ka ho'okipa 'ana i kahi pō'ai hou o ke kūkulu 'ana a me ka ho'ololi 'ana i ka mana o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kua'āina.
ʻO ka makahiki 2012 i hala aku nei he paepae ia no ka ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona o Kina.Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka GDP, ka pilikia kālā o ka honua, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka home, ua hoʻohana ʻole ʻia nā ʻoihana kelepona kūloko a me ka overcapacity.Ke hopohopo nei ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka nalu o ka pani ʻana.Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o 2013, ʻo ka ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona o Kina e hoʻolauna i nā manawa ʻoihana hou a me nā mākeke.
I ka makahiki 2012, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke uea a me ke kelepona ma mua o 100 biliona euros.I ka honua uea a me ka uwea 'oihana, ka Asian market helu no ka 37%, ka Europa market kokoke i 30%, ka American market helu no 24%, a me na mea kuai ma 9%.Ma waena o lākou, ʻoiai ʻo ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona ʻo Kina ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka uea honua a me ka ʻoihana uea, a i ka makahiki 2011, ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā hui uea Kina a me nā hui uea i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka pae mua ma ka honua.Akā, mai ka manaʻo o ka manaʻo, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana uea ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia koʻu ʻāina i kahi kūlana nui akā ʻaʻole ikaika, a aia nō kahi ākea nui me nā uea ʻē aʻe kaulana kaulana. .
I ka makahiki 2011, hiki i ka 1,143.8 biliona yuan ka waiwai kūʻai o ka uea a me ka uea o Kina, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi trillion yuan no ka manawa mua, he piʻi o 28.3%, a me ka loaʻa kālā he 68 biliona yuan.I ka makahiki 2012, he 671.5 biliona yuan ka waiwai kūʻai o ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona mai Ianuali a Iulai, ʻo ka huina kālā he 28.1 biliona yuan, a he 4.11% wale nō ka waiwai awelika..
Eia kekahi, mai ka manaʻo o ka waiwai waiwai o ka ʻoihana kelepona o Kina, ua hōʻea nā waiwai o ka uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona o Kina i 790.499 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2012, he piʻi o 12.20% makahiki ma ka makahiki.Hiki iā Kina Hikina ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 60% o ka ʻāina, a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻokūkū ikaika ma ka ʻoihana hana uea a pau.[1]
ʻO ka ulu mau a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Kina ua hāʻawi i kahi mākeke nui no nā huahana kelepona.ʻO ka hoʻowalewale ikaika o ka mākeke Kina ua hoʻokau ka honua i ka mākeke Kina.I loko o nā makahiki pōkole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ua hoʻohauʻoli ka honua i ka ʻoihana hana kelepona o Kina.Me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana uila o Kina, ʻoihana kamaʻilio data, ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kūlanakauhale, ʻoihana kaʻa, hana moku a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka noi no nā uea a me nā kaula, a ʻo ka ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana uwea he hiki ke hoʻomohala nui i ka e hiki mai ana.ʻO Kina Uea a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ma ka mākeke no ka wānana a me ka hoʻopukapuka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hōʻike.
I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana transnational o nā ʻoihana uea a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻokele, pono e hahai ʻia nā loina aʻe: e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻoihana kūloko a me nā ʻoihana honua, e ʻimi ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā kumuwaiwai a me ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana, ʻano kūlike a me ka pono. , a hoʻohālikelike i nā kuleana kuleana a me nā kuleana hoʻomalu , hui pū ʻia ka hui makua a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, a ua kūpono ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho o ka hana me ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele o ka hana a me ka hoʻokele.No ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau loina, pono e hana nā hui uea a me nā ʻoihana i kēia mau pilina:
1. E mālama pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻoihana kūloko a me ka ʻoihana honua
Pono e kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka hana multinational o nā ʻoihana uea a me nā ʻoihana kelepona he koi a me ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka huahana ʻoihana, ma mua o ka manaʻo kumu a me ka manaʻo.ʻAʻole pono nā hui uea a me nā uea a pau e komo i nā hana multinational.Ma muli o nā ʻano unahi like ʻole a me ke ʻano ʻoihana o nā ʻoihana, aia kekahi mau ʻoihana uea a me nā hui kelepona i kūpono wale no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoihana ma ka mākeke kūloko.Pono nā hui uea a me nā ʻoihana me nā kūlana hana transnational e mālama pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻoihana kūloko a me ka ʻoihana honua.ʻO ka mākeke kūloko ke kahua kahua no ke ola a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana.Hiki i nā ʻoihana uea a me nā kelepona ke hoʻohana i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ke aniau, ka honua, a me nā kānaka e hana i ka ʻoihana ma Kina.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā uea Kina a me nā ʻoihana kelepona pono e lawe i kekahi mau pilikia i kēia mau ʻano.Ke nānā nei i ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻonui i ka ʻāpana o ka hana ʻāpana mai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻana o nā kumu hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mākeke a me ka hoʻokūkū.
2. E noʻonoʻo pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale waiwai
No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomohala nā ʻoihana uea a me nā uea i nā kumuwaiwai ma waho wale nō, akā, ʻo nā kumu waiwai hoʻi ma waho e like me ka hiki ke hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai maka a me kekahi mau kumukūʻai.I ka manawa like, ʻo nā ʻoihana uea a me nā ʻoihana kelepona e hana ana i nā ʻoihana, a pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hopena o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me nā hemahema o ka ikehu ma ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana, a kau i nā loulou hoʻomohala waiwai i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina me nā kumu waiwai a me nā kumu haʻahaʻa.
3. E mālama pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pālākiō a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana
I loko o nā makahiki, ua hopohopo ka nui o nā hana transnational o nā uea a me nā ʻoihana kelepona Kina, a manaʻo nui ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nui nā ʻoihana ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka i nā pono waiwai i manaʻo ʻia.No laila, no kekahi manawa, ua hele nā hana multinational o kekahi mau hui uea a me nā hui uwea Kina i kahi ʻoi loa, hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pālākiō, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā pono waiwai, a no laila kūʻē i ke kumu kumu o nā hana multinational.No laila, pono e mālama pono nā hui uea a me ke kaula i ka pilina ma waena o ka unahi a me ka maikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana multinational, a hoʻonui i kā lākou unahi i mea e loaʻa ai nā pono kiʻekiʻe.
4. E mālama pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka mana a me ka mana
Ua loaʻa i nā hui uea a me nā hui kelepona kekahi hapa a i ʻole nā mea āpau o nā ʻoihana o nā ʻāina ʻē ma o ka hoʻopukapuka pololei ʻana.ʻO ke kumu ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mana ma luna o nā hui o nā ʻāina ʻē ma o ke kuleana, i mea e lawelawe ai i ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa o ka hui makua a loaʻa i nā pono waiwai nui.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa i kahi ʻoihana uea a me ka ʻoihana kelepona i ʻāpana a i ʻole nā mea āpau o kahi ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka mana ma luna o ka ʻoihana a ʻaʻole i hoʻolilo i ka mea nona ka hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa o ke keʻena poʻo, a laila nalowale ka hana transnational. ʻO kona manaʻo maoli. ʻAʻole ia he ʻoihana multinational maoli.No laila, pono e loaʻa i kahi hui uea a me ke kelepona e lawe ana i ka mākeke honua i kāna pahuhopu hoʻolālā e loaʻa i nā kuleana mana e like me ka nui o ka waiwai i loaʻa iā ia ma nā hana transnational.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-23-2022