2022 shekara ce mai cike da kalubale ga duk duniya.Har yanzu ba a kawo karshen barkewar sabuwar gasar zakarun Turai ba, kuma rikicin Rasha da Ukraine ya biyo baya.A cikin wannan yanayi mai sarkakiya kuma mai cike da rudani na kasa da kasa, bukatar tsaron makamashi na dukkan kasashen duniya na karuwa kowace rana.
Don jimre wa haɓakar haɓakar makamashi a nan gaba, masana'antar photovoltaic ta jawo haɓakar fashewar abubuwa.A lokaci guda kuma, kamfanoni daban-daban kuma suna haɓaka sabbin ƙarni na fasahar tantanin halitta ta photovoltaic don kwace babban yankin kasuwa.
Kafin yin la'akari da hanyar haɓakar fasahar tantanin halitta, muna buƙatar fahimtar ka'idar samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic fasaha ce da ke amfani da tasirin photovoltaic na haɗin gwiwar semiconductor don canza makamashin haske kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki.Babban ka'idarsa shine tasirin photoelectric na semiconductor: sabon abu na yuwuwar bambance-bambance tsakanin semiconductor iri-iri ko sassa daban-daban na semiconductor da haɗin ƙarfe da haske ya haifar.
Lokacin da photons ke haskakawa a kan karfe, makamashi zai iya shiga ta hanyar lantarki a cikin karfe, kuma electron zai iya tserewa daga saman karfe kuma ya zama photoelectron.Silicon atoms suna da electrons waje guda huɗu.Idan atom ɗin phosphorus tare da electrons na waje guda biyar an saka su cikin kayan silicon, ana iya samar da wafern siliki na nau'in N;Idan atom ɗin boron tare da na'urorin lantarki uku na waje an sanya su cikin kayan siliki, za a iya samar da guntu siliki mai nau'in P."
Nau'in nau'in baturi na nau'in P da nau'in baturi nau'in N ana shirya su ta hanyar nau'in siliki na nau'in P da nau'in silicon guntu ta hanyar fasaha daban-daban.
Kafin 2015, kwakwalwan baturi na baya na aluminum (BSF) sun mamaye kusan dukkanin kasuwa.
Aluminum baya baturin baturi ne mafi al'ada baturi hanya: bayan da shirye-shiryen na PN junction na crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, wani Layer na aluminum fim da aka ajiye a kan backlight surface na silicon guntu shirya P + Layer, don haka kafa wani aluminum mayar filin. , Samar da filin lantarki mai tsayi da ƙananan junction, da inganta wutar lantarki mai buɗewa.
Duk da haka, juriya na hasken wuta na baturin filin baya na aluminum ba shi da kyau.A lokaci guda, iyakar ƙarfin jujjuyawar sa shine kawai 20%, kuma ainihin ƙimar juzu'i ya ragu.Ko da yake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar ta inganta tsarin baturi na BSF, amma saboda ƙarancinsa, ingantawar ba ta da yawa, wanda kuma shine dalilin da ya sa aka ƙaddara don maye gurbinsa.
Bayan 2015, kason kasuwa na kwakwalwan batirin Perc ya karu da sauri.
An haɓaka guntu batir na Perc daga guntun baturin baya na alluminium na al'ada.Ta hanyar haɗa Layer passivation dielectric a baya na baturi, an sami nasarar rage asarar photoelectric kuma an inganta ingantaccen juzu'i.
Shekarar 2015 ita ce shekarar farko ta canjin fasaha na sel na photovoltaic.A cikin wannan shekara, an kammala cinikin fasahar Perc, kuma yawan samar da batura ya zarce iyakar juzu'i na batir filin baya na aluminium da kashi 20% a karon farko, a hukumance shiga matakin samarwa da yawa.
Canjin canji yana wakiltar fa'idodin tattalin arziki mafi girma.Bayan samarwa da yawa, rabon kasuwa na kwakwalwan batirin Perc ya karu cikin sauri kuma ya shiga wani mataki na saurin girma.Kasuwar kasuwa ta haura daga kashi 10.0% a shekarar 2016 zuwa kashi 91.2% a shekarar 2021. A halin yanzu, ya zama babbar fasahar shirya guntun batir a kasuwa.
Dangane da ingancin juzu'i, matsakaicin ingantaccen juzu'i na babban sikelin samar da batir Perc a cikin 2021 zai kai 23.1%, 0.3% sama da wancan a cikin 2020.
Daga hangen nesa na ka'idar iyaka yadda ya dace, bisa ga lissafin Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Solar Energy, ƙimar ka'idar ƙimar ƙarfin batirin monocrystalline silicon Perc mai nau'in P-type shine 24.5%, wanda yake kusa da ingantaccen ƙimar ka'idar a halin yanzu, kuma akwai iyakance. dakin inganta a nan gaba.
Amma a halin yanzu, Perc ita ce babbar fasahar guntu baturi.A cewar CPI, nan da shekarar 2022, yawan samar da batura na PERC zai kai kashi 23.3%, karfin samarwa zai kai sama da kashi 80%, kuma kasuwar kasuwa za ta kasance matsayi na farko.
Batir mai nau'in N na yanzu yana da fa'ida a bayyane a ingantaccen juzu'i kuma zai zama babban jigon tsara na gaba.
An gabatar da ƙa'idar aiki na guntu baturi N-type a baya.Babu wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin tushen ka'idar nau'ikan batura biyu.Duk da haka, saboda bambance-bambancen fasahar watsa shirye-shiryen B da P a cikin karni, suna fuskantar kalubale daban-daban da kuma abubuwan ci gaba a cikin samar da masana'antu.
Shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen aiwatar da batirin shine mai sauki kuma farashin ya ragu ne, amma akwai wani rata tsakanin batirin canzawa preces.Tsarin batirin nau'in nau'in N ya fi rikitarwa, amma yana da fa'idodi na ingantaccen juzu'i, babu ƙarancin haske, da kyakkyawan tasirin haske mai rauni.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-14-2022